Developmental psychology, Essay Example for Free

Developmental psychology, EssayIt is meaning(a) to keep evaluating learning activities as the childs needs may change or your planning may not establish and may need changing. Planning, teaching and evaluation is a cycle which gives structure to the learning execute. Whilst in the planning process I need to know the learning objectives so that you ar clear about that the pupils atomic number 18 judge to achieve. When evaluating you will need to look at whether the children were competent to meet the leaning objectives in their delegate. If a child was to complete a task quickly this should be recorded. 1. 2 Weakness 1.When planning a work activity I ceaselessly take into account the childrens learning needs and levels, for example you could have a child in your group which lacks tightfistedness and needs a more practical approach in order to show interest and for the task to be successful. For example Child A Lacks niggardliness Child B Does not enjoy Literacy Chi ld C Find tasks difficult 1. 4 All lesson plans should be made avail fit to the LSAs forward the class starts, even if you do not have time to look at the plan you should discuss with the teacher what you are to do.Learning objectives You must endlessly be clear on the learning objectives of the lesson or what pupils are expected to be able to do. Leaning recourses involve The lesson plan should detail any materials which are different from those which are normally found in the classroom. Own role in patroniseing learning activities It should be made clear what you are required to do whether its supporting a group or an individual. Specific information you should have access to school reports about pupils learning and be able to refer to them if required whether its paper or electronic based.Sometimes changes need to be made to plan and this may happen last minute so you will need to be flexible. Any changes made to the childrens routine may affect their behaviour so you n eed to take this into consideration. 1. 5 2. 3 We should always be made aware of the health and safety issues especially when running(a) with children it is the main duty of all school employees to keep the children safe. Young children or children with additional needs may not be aware of certain hazards. Schools also have security measures in place such as gate and a signing in policy for all visitors.If you ever come across a unfamiliar face within the school grounds you should always approach them in a polite manor by saying. Can I help you? All storage areas should be kept tidy so they do not cause a hazard they should also be locked, spaces like cleaning cupboard especially as they store a stool of hazardous materials and put up sometimes be left untidy as staff may not have enough time to tidy up or may not be sure where certain items should be. You must always make sure that no fire exits in the classrooms are block off by chairs / tables, they should always be accessib le.Describe the sorts of hassles that might occur when supporting learning activities, and how to deal with these Noise Sometimes during classes children can become distracted by noise from within the classroom and from orthogonal (such as another classroom, or people on the hallway). I help to combat this problem by pass completion the doors and any windows open to the noise, and also by reminding children to work as quietly as potential and raise their hand to speak rather than shout out. shy(predicate) resources Many of the activities set by the teacher involve the use of multiple resources e. g. books, pencils crayons, scissors, glue, rulers etc. Unfortunately on that point are not always enough resources for all student, resulting in there being a delay in the commencement of work (due to trying to locate extra supplies). This problem is managed by preparing for the lesson in the lead it begins, ensuring there are sufficient resources for the class, and also by encoura ging children to help to and share with each other whenever possible.Having an inclusive class with a huge spectrum of abilities another problem which can occur when supporting learning activities, is ensuring that the all children are engaged, involved and fully understanding the task that has been set when there is such a wide spectrum of abilities. This can be dealt with in several ways, such as splitting the class into ability based groups, encouraging high ability children to help those who are struggling to keep pace (this also helps to keep the class working on a similar level), and also by setting achievable targets for work. start students Children may suffer from shyness which can affect their ability to work individually (such as being worried about being wrong), and get involved with the class as a whole or participate in group work. Weather The weather can always be a beguilement to the children, if its hot and sunny out the children can get hot and agitated. 5. 1 The reasons why it is important to evaluate learning activities are To see what is working and what needs removing or changing To measure how the activities are being delivered and how they could be improved To see how the activities are being received by the participantsEvaluation is important as it helps out when planning and helps you to think about the learning that has taken place. Spending time going through the learning activities and seeing how students have responded to a certain task or question, can factually help re-shape it for future classes. It is also important to look back at the learning objects so you can measure what the children have learned. If you do not think carefully about learning objectives at the planning stage, it will not always be possible to evaluate whether pupils have achieved them. Learning objectives need to be clear for this to be possible.Learners must understand what the outcomes mean. They must be achievable. We must be able to assess pupils against them. Evaluating helps you to see if something is succeeding or may need changing. If students whizzed through the activity and so looked rather bored then it would be obvious that the task was a bit too easy and not really suitable or beneficial for that group. Therefore you would need to try and make it more engaging and stimulating, maybe by making it more difficult or time-consuming so the students really have to work to complete it.If the activities are taking longer than expected and you can see that the students are really struggling, things again would need to be addressed. Students may not meet the learning objective, but they could have a real enthusiasm for the subject and have participated fully in all aspects of the lesson. You will need to record this somewhere. 5. 2 5. 2 and 5. 4 Upon completion of the task, I then provided constructive feedback to the class teacher, and feedback on her participation and progress.I explained that the child was Very p leased to be given individual support and was positively responsive to the support (smiled, listened intently, and produced the work expected through understanding) After a couple of examples was able to achieve the objective of drawing on the hands onto the clock face on the task sheet given Succeeded in progressing in the learning activity Went back into the classroom with a big proud smile as she had enjoyed the task and benefited from the support.I informed the teacher that she responded well to reassurance and lots of positive praise and was very happy to receive a sticker after the task. I explained that she had faultless the given learning activity objective. I gave constructive feedback that she 5. 3 Difficulties which I came across As I have not worked with this particular group before I found it hard to see what stage each child was at and what support each child needed and as the task was outside we faced a lot of distractions.Spring Work Aims / Objectives Children t o identify features of spring Looking for signs of spring using senses I can see / smell / tactile sensation Share ideas With the whiteboards Create senses poem I can see the blue sky Recourses White Boards White board pens Ipad take pictures Evaluation The children found it a little hard to concentrate as they were taken outside and they were easily distracted ie. Wanted to run around and touch things.

Oceans Act of 2000 Essay Example for Free

Oceans comport of 2000 EssayFrom sea to shining sea, America has always been a country dependant on its coastal waters. We use the oceans and the abundant resources found in them for everything from physical exercise, food, and medicines, to a place to dump our garbage, dispose of toxic chemicals, and to travel to far off destinations. The oceans provide frequently for us, and without them, life on Earth would not be sustainable. The oceans are a vital resource for humankind, and sadly, we have put them in immediate danger. The majority of the existence of the United States lives in coastal regions.Due to this, marine-related industries, such as seek and shipping, play a significant role in our nations economy. Unfortunately, the fishing business in the United States has dwindled. Overfishing has caused the collapse of New Englands cod, flounder, and haddock fisheries. The Gulf of Mexico has what is known as a dead zone, (Report of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Tra nsportation S. 2327) which was likely caused by pollution from the Mississippi River. Pollution is another issue altogetherRunoff from our farmlands and cities flows down our rivers into the Gulf of Mexico and contaminates the coastal areas of our southern states. crude oil spills threaten our marine wildlife. Harmful algal blooms have taken over many underwater habitats. Overabundances of sediment and nitrogen from farms and factories upstream suffocate the water ecosystems of our lands. Without unmitigated guidelines and stream-lined regulations set up to properly control our pollution problem, humans will, ultimately, destroy the oceans. The need for urgent action to protect our oceans and waterways has never been greater.Although people have move to investigate and lay down the groundwork for improving the condition of our oceans in the past, their attempts have not been enough. In 1966, Congress passed the Marine Resources and Engineering Development Act (Report of the Commi ttee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation S. 2327), which was designed to lay out national objectives and programs regarding the oceans. Leading the commission was Dr. Julius A. Stratton, former president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.With Dr.Stratton leading the way, along with advisors from congress including Senator Norris Cotton and Senator Warren Magnuson, the 1966 Act was a huge step forward for the countrys oceanic preservation efforts, yet for the next thirty years, it would be one of the only steps forward. The United States urgently needed to increase public awareness of the importance of the oceans to our nation. With that in mind, 1998 was declared the International twelvemonth of the Ocean. Spreading knowledge of the threats our oceans faced made it clear to Congress that we needed to take a second look at our ocean policies.On August 7, 2000, President Bill Clinton released a statement upon signing the Oceans Act of 2000. In it, he stated that the le gislation would establish a Commission on Ocean insurance, to make recommendations to the President and to Congress for a coordinated and comprehensive national ocean policy. (Statement on Signing the Oceans Act of 2000) The Oceans Act itself was the law requiring the governing body of a sixteen member commission, whose job was to research the issues regarding our coasts and waters and to present a detailed report on their findings, and any recommendations to solve the issues, to the President.In kinsfolk 2004, the Commission introduced their final report, An Ocean pattern for the 21st Century, and invited public comment on their findings. The report consisted of 212 recommendations for ocean policy. Members of the Alaska Oceans Program, American Littoral Society, Gulf redress Network, Natural Resources Defense Council, North Carolina Coastal Federation, People for Puget Sound, Sierra Club, and The Ocean Conservancy submitted their comments on the report.Public Comment on Final Report An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century Pre-Publication Copy) Although there were a few changes that these groups did not agree with, the majority of the information provided in the report was met with vast approval, especially the call for the writ of execution of a National Ocean Council, to consolidate the numerous agencies involved in the welfare of our waterways. Since the publishing of An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century, President provide called for a 13. percent increase in National Science Foundation funding for ocean sciences. (A Sea Change in National Ocean Policy? by Matt Villano) However, much of the funding promised to support the National Ocean Council has been delayed and pushed back, making it very difficult to move forward with the recommendations of the Ocean Commission. In February 2008, the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative, comprised of former members from the Pew Oceans Commission and the National Ocean Commission, assessed the nations gird in o cean policy passim 2007.The grade they presented was a C. Funding seems to be the largest issue our nation is facing in terms of moving forward more quickly with the recommendations from the Commission, yet, as Andy Solow, director of the WHOI Marine Policy Center says, If enough people get involved politically and on a grass-roots level, we can make significant progress in some of these areas without it. (A Sea Change in National Ocean Policy? by Matt Villano) The future of our oceans, as well as our planet, is passive up in the air. Unless our priorities change, and funding is found to implement the changes needed to improve the status of our oceans, we may find ourselves on the verge of extinction.

Features of the Flatiron Building

Features of the Flatiron BuildingSynopsis This is a 5 page term paper written in MLA format explaining why any designer in the modern era should be interested in the Flatiron Building, constructed in 1902 in New York. The paper gives a description of the almost captivating architectural features of Flatiron build that make it unique and admirable. The paper relies on 2 sources.The Flatiron BuildingEric Nash all the way describes the Flatiron construction located in New York urban center. Its braid was completed in 1902 and it is one of the most popular and best known skyscrapers in the world that derives its name from its iron like shape. It is an energetic combination of rebirth and gothic architectural styles. It is made up of spacious, well designed 20-two stories which are divided into three parts, namely, the beginning, the middle and the end, just like a clean Greek column. The Flatirons striking shape and its exceptional height stretch its classical garb uneasily.1Pict ure showing the beginning, the middle and the top of the Flatiron1 Eric Nash, Manhattan Skyscrapers. (New York Princeton Architectural Press, 1999) 121.Eric Nash clearly shows that the building was constructed using structural steel frame with extensive wind bracing purposely made to resist sideways pressure from the wind. This reflects recent credence of the all-steel skeleton for skyscrapers in New York. The skeleton steel framing of Flatiron building is light and less(prenominal) susceptible to fire damages as compared to iron, hence fashioning the building stronger and more durable. Use of steel skeleton in construction of Flatiron made it possible for the building to be elevated higher up to twenty two storeys as opposed to load bearing walls that previously restricted the height supportable by their loads. The building was constructed on a rectangular squash piece of land giving it its classic captivating appearance from the ground to the sky. He further argues that unlike New Yorks early skyscrapers taking the form of towers that were constructed go from a lower blockier weight like the contemporary Singer Building, the Flatiron building has limestone and glazed terra cotta faade which is divided into a triangular base, shaft and capital.2.Eric Nash observed that Flatirons ornate but restrained facade was made using terra-cotta panels and stone creating forms that simulate any effects of rustication, making it long lasting. Rusticated limestone is uniformly detailed from the ground of the Flatiron building to the sky to ensure that there are slim chances of Flatirons destruction by environmental conditions. The Flatirons masonry insulation, its outer skin of stone and glazed terra-cotta protects it from any harsh put up conditions which could otherwise destroy the building. Besides this, the Flatirons rustication and heavily prornamented patterns of these walls, as well as the conservatively sized windows, give the faades a heavy appearance, this is attractive to the eyes 32 Nash 1233 Nash 125Picture showing Flatirons outer skinAndrew Dolkart observed that the multistory oriels in the midsection, which are prominent in many of Burnhams dough buildings, are just barely perceptible on the busy, more enclosed skin of the Flatiron. This greater visual weigh of the repartition of the overall design into a clear-cut base, a repetitive midsection, and a crowning render extended to 22 stories, makes the whole Flatiron appear column-like, distinguishing the building from the rest. He further observed that the long, thin triangular footprint of the Flatiron extrudes up through all its twenty two stories. With all three faades facing the streets, this tall, thin building was designed to always have rattling well-lit office spaces. At the vertex of the Flatiron building, the triangular tower, which is only 6.5 feet (2 meters) wide and a height of eighty seven Meters is seen to describe an acute tiptoe that is roughly estimated to be 25 degrees when viewed from birds eye view. The acute angled corners bring out a dramatic, exaggerated perspective which is unique and highly admirable. 44Andrew Dolkart. architecture Development of New York City and the Birth of Skyscraper. (Columbia Columbia University 2009). 11Eric Nash further observed that the most acute angle of the Flatiron points north, making the building to appear like it has a little prudence like a wall leaned precariously against the sky, distinguishing it from any other building in the neighborhood. The interior of the Flatiron has strangely shaped spacious offices with their walls cutting through an angle on their way to skyscrapers notable point. This gives the building quite a beautiful and attractive look. The gravity-defying illusion of the building is further enhanced by the enormous cornice projecting aggressively from the top of the building, giving the whole affair a top-heavy appearance. The elements of Flatirons design fit in comfortab ly with the general development of the sloshed in which the building was constructed.5According to Andrew, The unconventional triangular lot coupled with exceptional height transformed architectural conventions of Flatiron into a beautiful unique structure. The building materials used for Flatiron were cost effective, efficient and made it possible for it to be quickly erected. Flatiron was indeed a perfect architectural solution to Americas growing downtowns in the twentieth century. It consists of 13,400 square meters of office space and definitely one of the Stockholms new landmarks. The striking visual presence of this uncommon vertical mass is what makes the building instantly famous both with tourists and those in the arts grappling with the nature of New Yorks modernity.65 Nash 136.6 Dolkart 13.ConclusionThis paper started by describing the shape and location of the Flatiron building constructed in 1902 in New York. It further discussed in detail the design and architectural features of the building that make it very unique despite the fact that it was constructed over hundred years ago. Its characteristic structural division into three parts, the beginning, the middle and the end gives it a unique appealing appearance. Its unique triangular shape design and the compress shaped piece of land where the building was erected give it an excellent view hence it is easily distinguished from all other buildings in the neighborhood. The buildings small comprehensiveness of only two meters and exceptional height of eighty seven meters housing twenty two storey distinguishes it from ancient heavy wide buildings. While putting more emphasis on the uniqueness and durability of the materials in construction of Flatiron building used such as the revolutionary steel frame which is less susceptible to fire unlike iron, the limestone covering originating from the ground to the sky to protect the building from harsh weather conditions, and the white terra cotta skin in the Italian renascence style which gives the building a highly admirable dramatic perspective. From the findings of this paper, it is evidently clear that the Flatiron building is quite a unique building in both the structure and the design and therefore any architect or designer would be interested in its structure and design.Works CitedNash, Eric. Manhattan Skyscrapers. New York Princeton Architectural Press, 1999.Dolkart, Andrew. Architecture Development of New York City and the Birth of Skyscraper. Columbia Columbia University 2009.Siteshttps//hermis.alberta.ca/ARHP/Details.aspx?DeptID=1ObjectID=4665-0499http//www.nyc-architecture.com/GRP/GRP024.htm

Case Study: Developmental Reading

Case Study Developmental ReadingThe article attempted to apologise how creative flirtivities for third year high school students affect their critical thinking skills. Comparing two meetings, the Instruction with inventive Activities (ICA) and the Instruction with No Creative Activities (INCA), the study expected the ICA group to have higher mean scores and mean gains in their Chemistry Test for Higher Order Thinking Skills (ChemTHOTS) and in their pretest to posttest respectively. Although, findings suggest that there are no significant differences between both groups mean test scores, it do a distinguishing suggestion that activities given to each group should have been more varied.Creative ThinkingCritical ThinkingThere have been studies that tried to link creativity with critical thinking, however nearly findings do not show direct evidence to support this theory. Recommendations range from conducting more investigations on the subject as soundly as lengthening study lev el for which the research will be conducted.On the other hand, studies also show that use of varied creative techniques do help students train their imagination. Imagination macrocosm a clear use of mental processes way beyond the usual stretching of the brain. Imagination here can then be linked to opinion taking and reflective thinking which are considered high order thinking skills. As children put themselves in different scenarios, find ways to solve problems and calculate certain concepts, they do tap on this very rich brain activity that real provides basis for better understanding and critical thinking.We can utter that as creative thinking explores various evaluative actions, critical thinking, in turn, plays with taking different scenarios. The blending of these processes (as shown from the image I shared on the early page) are worldifested when we try to see a problem and come up with several ways to solve it or when we try to understand a soul, a story or a situat ion, and put ourselves in different perspectives. This is about evident during play when children try to explore limitless boundaries and when children come up with a creation that they are proud to call their own.In a classroom setting, an important remainder is to achieve literacy, a solid understanding of concepts, as well as to confine learning, its different forms and levels. However, this is a very delicate and complicated feat that entails an interactive approach from the teacher and a response from the learner. Thus making the learning process, a responsibility of all the key players. And aside from the traditional rigid methods, there are various ways to achieve these goals. For the purpose of this study, methods that uphold creative thinking like art, play and games are proposed. Concretely, a lesson on Shakespearean plays can be made more colorful if instead of postulation students to memorize and discuss lines, they would come up with their own rendition of a partic ular scene. A lesson on the Solar System can be made more meaningful if instead of just asking students to memorize the different orbiters and come up with a model, they could pretend to be traveling from one planet to another and from each planet they are to send a postcard describing abtaboo their location and their stay there. And a lesson on the different countries of Africa can be made more indelible if instead of just being able to locate them on the map, they would learn a particular dance move and fit in that with a country, and then probably come up with their own Countries of Africa dance.The study is most relevant as it is the era when learners want to be more conglomerate with the learning process. They want hands-on, application and practice. It is also the clock time when it is highly encouraged for the educators to tailor-fit their lessons to varied learners with equally diverse learning styles. It is now a call to educators to sustain their learning and to respon d with methods that are perfect match to their learning needs. And in the search for these methods, we find ways to tap on higher levels of thinking skills, providing our students with numberless education.As educators, we ourselves are front liners in pursuing this path for our learners. We must engage them in the learning process by providing them with instructional strategies and methods that let them actually grasp what they are trying to understand. We should not limit their minds however rather let them explore the world. And as they go ab come appear of the closet this exploration, we ourselves should be with them and continuously escaped our minds and make our world even up richer, paving the way for our students.We can never be the architects of the workings of our students minds. I learned this the hard way while pressure to my then two-year old boy that he should learn about and articulate back the life cycle of a butterfly. The only things I got out of that episode were painful tears and disappointment with myself. I should have waited for him to be ready and it would have been best had I tried to numerate for ways to infract his take and imaginative skills first. All we can do really is not to design their minds but design lessons they can gradually assimilate with much intensity and through various experiences.As a parent and a future pre-school educator, I should also keep in mind that my children will be growing up pretty fast. Each day is a learning day and there really is no turning back. I should make the most out of the time I am given with them. I should always be able to come up with a great lesson, always enticing their interest and always making sure that they leave the class feeling proud of themselves for creating something. I should help them use their minds in many different ways, always with the goal for them to learn something new. And that, they arrive at such learning not only through reason, but more importantly, wit h a great deal of sentiment and imagination.Roger Chillingworth showcase AnalysisRoger Chillingworth Character AnalysisThe Scarlet Letter is a story written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. It is based on the Puritans lifestyle during the 17th century in Boston and Massachusetts. It is written in twenty four chapters starting with The Prison Door and ends with the conclusion. Main characters in the story are Hester Prynne, Pearl, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth, Mistress Hibbins, Governor Bellingham, and step up John Wilson. These characters played different interesting parts, some good and some bad. stock-still the story is about a woman named Hester Prynne whom the prudes at that time, believed she was a symbolization of adultery, because she was made pregnant by an unknown man, whom hes individuality remains a secret until the end of the story. Her long lost forgotten old husband Roger Chillingworth who was suck death, appears in one of the scenes where Hester is been disgr aced in public for carrying an unknown mans baby. As a consequence of her adulterous act, she has to carry a letter A on her bosom for the rest of her life. The A means adultery, and wherever she goes to, she is recognized as the sinful, impure woman. Hester proves shes tough and decides to take all the blames and guilt to protect her lover in a time when women were subordinate to their male partners.Arthur Dimmesdale was a minister, man of God, preacher who the puritans look up to him for spiritual advices. He appears to play a huge case in Hesters shameful atrocities. Moreover, Authors identity as Hesters lover and babys father is kept only by him and Hester, but still she takes all the blames. He valued his port more than being a father to the baby and this makes him a hypocrate in the story. His hypocrisy leads him to be sick and finally to his grave aft(prenominal) confessing he was the Hesters babys father. A lesson is learning in this for people should not value the nurtur e appearances than who they really are as a person.This essay will explain the evil procedure played by Roger Chillingworth in the story. Just by calling his name, a sense of evil can be felt, and a dangerous old man with a scary face can be painted in the mind of the readers. Roger who appeared in one of the scenes when Hester was being punished and disgraced in public, asked an Indian native who appeared to be watching Hester what was going, as he was told what happen, He changed his identity to a physician.( the American literature, pg 1384). No one could recognize him except Hester who spotted him in the crowd. Roger not wanting to expose his identity places a finger on his lip as a gestation for Hester who knew who he was to keep it as a secret. Rogers intention was to go deep in search for the man responsible for Hesters public humiliation second Roger feels he would be laugh at by the people of Boston if he had been with Hester as a husband after she carried the scarlet lett er A. She was young and beautiful carrying someones baby, while he thinks he was in any case old. He blames himself for marrying her in the first place, because he loved her with all his heart and knew she was always going to make him happy. Things changed unexpected when he takes the responsibility to change his identity so he could be a free man in the city.Roger Chillingworth becomes jealous, and brings out the evil in him. He becomes the main character to play the most interesting and scariest role. Roger Chillingworths character is dynamic, from a regular lost husband, to an unrecognized person in the crowd, to a physician.Roger Chillingworth decision to disguise himself is only known by Hester, but hes main mission was to uncover Hesters secret lover who is suppose to be part of the humiliations. He quickly grabs an probability to be close to the minister after he fell sick and forced to receive medical attention from Roger Chillingworth. The minister and Roger Chillingworth quickly became friends as they get to spend most of their free time together. While being a good help to the minister, Roger also goes deep in the ministers mind to bring out the fairness about Hester and her vague lover.Roger Chillingworth all at once discovers Dimmesdales role in the secret relationship with Hester. Moreover, Arthur also senses something wrong about Roger Chillingworth not knowing he was Hesters husband whom they assume death. David Herbert litrary analysis of the scarlet letter describes Hester instead of Roger Chillingworth as the symbol of evil in the story. Oh, Hester, you are a demon. A man must be pure, just so that you can attract him to a fall (DHL chapter 7). David Herbert blames Hester for being the cause of destruction in the life of Roger Chillingworth and the minister Arthur Dimmesdale. Roger Chillingworths character could be described as someone, whose act could make the earreach think he believed in satanic worships, never the less he simple b elieve in the Puritans principles and doctrines.As a dynamic character, Roger Chillingworth also brings out a good side from his dark self when he visits Hester in jail, gives her medication for her baby and herself. Being cunning as he has been he confesses to Hester Prynne for pose her in that situation. I, a man of thought, the bookworm of great libraries, a man already in decay, having given my best years to feed the hungry daydream of knowledge-what had I to do with youth and beauty like yours? Misshapen from the time I was born, how could I delude myself with the idea that intellectual gifts might veil visible deformity in a young girls fantasy From the moment when we came down the old church steps together as a married pit I should have foreseen the bale-fire of that scarlet letter blazing at the end of our path.(1391) This act is great and touching, but very disappointing to know he was just carrying out his evil research to expose the truth. Never the less the both ac knowledge the fact that the hurt each other.Hester and the minister feel guilty and to undertake redemption, walking away from their sin and disgrace. Hester finds a community service while the ministers consequences for his sin put him into great distress and physical and mentally breakdown. Roger Chillingworth becomes the middle person to understand what Hester and Dimmesdale are going through. He transforms into more evil than he had been. He finds means to destroy Hesters reputation which was already in bondage. As years goes by, Roger Chillingworths transformation makes him the real symbolic representation of evil in the story.Hester describes Roger Chillingworths past as someone who was a misshapen scholar who was slightly deformed, with his left shoulder a trifle higher than the right (hawthorn 2003, p.50). So hes evil and scary description is not a new thing, but something the author had describes in the beginning, differentiating him from other characters in the story.Ove r the course of the story, sin becomes part of the main characters life. Arthur is guilty for sinning with a married woman, Hester commits adultery, never the less Roger Chillingworths sin is the biggest of all because all he does is sick revenge to hurt and destroy others. Secondly hes been blame for hes lost that put Dimmesdal and Hester in the mess in which they are in. The puritans believed that every s cozy should be punishing, and Hester was just a victim in this case.Hester finds herself in an internal conflict with Roger Chillingworth. She fears the minister being around the fake physician, and fears not tell him that Roger was her husband. She knows how dangerous Roger was. The earreach does not understand why she hides the truth from the minister. Hester gets into an external conflict with the environment in which she lived in. she became uncomfortable with every person around her including Roger Chillingworth. The only person she could look up to was the minister, and th ey only place for them to meet was in the forest. Never the less its not secured because evil Chillingworth would watch from every corner. Men, women, young and old, made fun of her, She had no support and no food for her and the baby Pearl. Living in real life with no family or friend to look up is frustrating. She is frustrated even in her own home because of Roger Chillingworths presence.Conflicts were not only Hesters, but Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth did face conflicts. Dimmesdale cause for his illness and breakdown was as a result of conflicting with his inner self. Hester was the only character to conflict a group of people. This is seen when her child was taken from her, she fights. Hester makes the scarlet letter more fun and wear it in a more fashion way that an ordinary person thought the A stands for an angel from heaven. She decides to keep the letter even when she had the chances of taking it out. The scarlet letter became a symbolism of love to Hesters daughter. She admires it and could identify her mom quick when she had the letter on her bosom.The author presents revenge as an unnatural act that twists a persons soul into something evil. In the puritan world, revenge belongs to God alone, nonetheless, roger takes upon himself to play Gods role and becomes the real Satan that Christian churches preach against. His ability to manipulate over people helps brings out some of the hidden truth thats been kept between Hester and Dimmesdale for a very long time. Rogers cunning conversations, finally puts him in a position to expose and destroy the hidden lovers reputation. Nevertheless Pearl is the symbol of sin committed between the minister and Hester Prynne. Roger Chillingworth is also described as an intellingent man, who intelligence turn to evil and he was so new to do whatever he did.Arthur Dimmesdale believed he also carried a Scarlet letter deep in his heart even though it wasnt visible. Because of this, he carried most of the pain and sufferings. Roger Chillingworths intention was real evil when he confessed not to kill Hester Prynne or the baby Pearl, but to make Hester suffer for the rest of her life. He wants the truth to be known only by him so he will have the power to carry more evil actions. This thought also tells the auditory modality what an evil person he was.Roger Chilling now not only became a physician but someone to determine evil and good babies. This is seen when he examines Pearl and said she was clean and ok. His intention was not to make Pearl been taken away, instead to keep her with her mother so he would have the opportunity to torment her the more until he became satisfied which he never did. He says complains of Pearl belonging to Hester only and not him, and she would never recognize his voice Live, so and hear about thy doom with thee, in the eyes of men and women, in the eyes of him whom thou did call your husband.(Nathaniel Hawthorne, chapter 4)Roger Chillingworth might have been d oing the right thing since he himself was the puritan, and anyone in his position would have done the same thing. He tries to make himself a good man throughout the story, none the less, Hester confirms him by saying thy act are like mercy, but they words interpret thee as a terror (pg .1426). Roger Chillingworth and Minister Dimmesdalel never get to be friends after they knew who was who. Dimmesdales revelation puts Roger chillingworth in a difficult position. He became frustrated and doesnt know who to blame and toment anymore.

Lone Parents Poverty And Unemployment Social Work Essay

unaccompanied(prenominal) P arents Poverty And Unemployment social bring in EssayIn a recent study, Rafferty and Wiggan 2011 state, in the past, lonely(prenominal) heightens with children be low-toned 16 eld of age had the right to seek fixing(a) bend or not, without risk of sanction. The recommendations of the Freud Review (2007) of Welfare-to-Work provision and the 2007 Green Paper on Welfare Reform, In Work Better Off, marked a critical phase in policy, proposing a new social agreement that reinforced lone heightens obligation to seek nonrecreational work (Department for Work and Pensions (DWP), 2007). Since October 2008, lone parents whose youngest dependent child is above twelve years of age are no longer eligible for Income Support (IS) on the grounds of being a lone parent. From 2010, this was extended to lone parents whose youngest dependent child was above seven years old and this was further extended in the Budget 2010 to those whose whos youngest dependent chil d being ve or over (Great Britain, Parliament, Her Majestys Treasury, 2010).This paper provide analyse the implications of the political relations policy objectives and their vision that it is right to expect tidy sum to venture every confinement to get themselves ready for work, as well as raising expectations. The government intention is that those who find work hit from higher income and amelio ramble wellbeing. in that respect are also fiscal benefits, with a lower benefit burden the government estimates that this policy change leave behind affect approximately 100,000 sensation parents in 2011and make savings of 380m between 2011 and 2015 (Tickle, 2010) in that location is also wider social gains with deoxidized adult and child poverty through amplificationd employment (DWP, 2008). lone(prenominal) parents feel that their concerns have been disregarded that being a parent is a mount time military control and there are insufficient whippy, family friendly jobs easy (Woods, 2010). Gordon (2002) stated that uncertainty about how to get benefits reinstated quickly if the job did not work out has placed an different barrier in the way of seeking employment as well as the loss of Housing Benefit and changes in their Working Tax Credit. This is reinforced by the Policy Studies Institute (1996) which anchor that many out of work lone parents say they are unable to take paid jobs, even if they could find affordable childcare and the biggest reason tending(p) was that their children were too young and needed their mother at home. Channel 4 impertinents (2011) broadcast that as the new welfare reforms for virtuoso parents come into force, lone parents are being set up to fail (Gingerbread, 2011).Gordon, (2002) also stated that policies pursued by successive Conservative governments throughout the 1980s and 1990s take to a massive increase in the number of low-income households and families. upstart Labour changed direction and had policies on making work pay by creating a liveable minimum wage and a welfare political orientation, which emphasised the importance of maternal care. One of the samarastones of New Labours strategy to reduce welfare dependency was making work pay, a strategy that was especially directed at lone parents through increased monetaryly livelihooded childcare and a specific New raft which started after the 1997 election. This targeted lone parents amongst other vulnerable groups. The programme was voluntary and stumbleered a mixture of job search support, training and practical support for the transition to work. There were and limited opportunities for training, with the main focus being on getting lone parents congest into work. Gregg, Harkness and Smith (2007) state that Government policies to help lone parents back into work and reduce levels of poverty, could had a profounddifference and change the quality of life for lone parent families. The UKs commitment to a personalised, bespoke, support is limited because of the deficiency of resources and training.Cunningham Cunningham (2008) stated that kind Workers (SW) should be aware of lone parents and their struggle with poverty and employability because poverty is a key and defining feature in the lives of many receipts Users (SUs). They go on to state that sociology in Social Work is an important skill for Social Workers to bring into practice to help underpin the General Social Care Council (GSCC) Codes of Practice (COP). The GSCC COP state SWs must have appropriate k this instantledge and skills to provide social care and keep those skills and knowledge up to date. accord to Knijn, Martin and Millar, (2007) reducing welfare dependency for lone parents could result in reduced welfare expenditure and maximised employment order along with improved socio-political impact for women. The financial incentives for work had to be substantive and sustainable to reduce the risk of in-work poverty.Gregg, Harkness and S mith, (2007) stated that as part of its welfare reform and child poverty strategy, the incoming New Labour government initiated a series of policies aimed at reducing child poverty in 1997 and a key element of this was to increase employment rates amongst families with children, especially lone parents. Finch et al (2004) suggested that a lack of good childcare is one of the significant barriers to the governments target to increase the lone parent employment rate to 70 % by 2010. The Welfare Reform Green Paper (2007) states work is at the heart of our Welfare Reform Programme. Allan (1997) stated that benefit mandates were changed in an effort to encourage lone mothers into work and greater pressure was put on non-resident fathers to make sufficient financial contributions to their childrens unavoidably. In its Green Paper (1998) Supporting Families, New Labours stance on lone parents was clear about the benefits of marriage (Cunningham and Cunningham, 2010) and also stated paid work is the best route out of poverty (Department of Social Security (DSS) (1998). Lone parents were one of their key target groups. At this stage parents could still choose between staying at home and being a parent or going out to work.In the Budget 2010 address, Mr Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, stated that the government expects lone parents to look for work when their youngest child goes to shallow. The changeswere implemented on 25 October 2010 and affected lone parents claiming IS. Job Seekers Allowance (JSA) Regulations (2010) changed the policy too, once children are of full time school age, parents who are able to work and are claiming benefits should be expect to look for paid work to support themselves and their family. Ahrends, J (2010) stated that Gingerbread, a generosity for wizard parents, is still calling on the Coalition Government toimplement thinks to enable all employees to hold up for flexible working, to ensure all jobs in the public sector are offered on a part- time or flexible basis andintroduce a right to paid parental leave to help parents deal with time off when children are ill.David Cameron, Gordon Brown and incision Clegg all pledged to challenge prejudice against single parents in 2010 (Ahrends, 2010) and the newly elected Coalition Government (2010) further stated that it was committed to introducing flexible working for all and launched a taskforce on children and families, unfortunately 9 months later this same government has scraped regulations which came into force April 2011 as part of a package of measures to reduce bureaucracy for businesses. Stratton and Wintour (2011) wrote in The Guardian, Vince Cable, the Business Secretary, will exempt firms with fewer than 10 employees from all new red tape for three years as it subjects 21,000 pieces of regulation to an audit by the public. This will see a shelving of the right to request flexible working for parents with children under 17 which will apply to all firms, not just small ones. It will also scrap the right to request time for training and education toward Continuous Professional Development (CPD). Freegard, (2010) co-founder of NetMums, commented on the benefit changes and suggested many lone parents would be feeling very anxious. She also noted single parents often want to work, but finding jobs to fit around the school day is very baffling as is finding and paying for suitable good quality childcare before and after the school day. Woods D (2010) stated that family-friendly jobs are still far too rare despite the Government requiring 100,000 single parents to seek work in 2011. According to Gingerbread the vast lack of jobs with flexibility could jeopardise plans to have more than single parents in work.A national survey of single parent members and users of NetMums website found that members had seen few jobs advertised that they could apply few for with part time hours, within school hours or as a job share or flexible in some other way. Launching a Gingerbread Briefing on flexible working, chief executive of the charity Weir (2011) called on the Government to move faster on plans for flexible working She stated that the business case for flexible working has been proven with well-nigh employers agreeing that people work best when they have a work/life balance. Giullari, (2009) states in terms of poverty eradication there has been an improvement. Single parents employment rate has certainly risen, from 40% in the early 1980s to 56.6% in 2009.The Freud Report, (2007) states it is an increasingly putting green expectation that once children reach school age then receipt of benefits should be conditional on looking for a job. JSA is the main benefit for people who are out of work, to receive it you must be available for and actively looking for work. JSA is only given to bona fide jobseekers, anyone who refuses an interview, restart interview or fails to keep the job search diary faces instant cessati on of their sensation benefits this is not suitable for all. Lone parents still have the right tolimit their hours and not be expected to work outside normal school hours. For the governments policy to work, there has to be sustainable, flexible work for lone parents to be employed in. Under this welfare ideology one of the key assumptions is that all adults should be in work even if it means precarious employment (Lewis and Giullari 2005). This welfare ideology emphasises and promotes active social policies and needs full employment to achieve this (Knijn et al, 2007). The Coalition Work and Pensions (DWP) Minister, Maria Miller stated, We know that work is the best route out of poverty. Now with personalised interventions the most successful are when the intervention meets the SU needs, wishes and capacities (Van Berkel and Valkenburg 2006). Ahrends, (2011) debates although successive governments have promoted work as the route out of poverty and that many single parents are bette r off in paid work this is not always the case 21% of children whose single parent is in full time work still illume below the poverty line, as do 29 % of children whose single parent is working part time. Ahrends (2010) further states 4 out of 10 children living in poverty are in a single parent household, and 9 out of 10 of them are mothers. More than 20% of women have persistently low incomes, helping, rather than forcing, these women is the answer.Finch et al (2004) discusses that numerous studies have suggested that Britains parents are failing, children are miserable and have poor moral, social and intellectual upbringing. Paton, (2011) writes children from single parent families are worse behaved, children raised by single mothers are twice as likely to misbehave as those born into traditional two-parent families, according to the Daily Telegraph. Headlines like this increase lone parents thinking that the government believes parenting can be donealongside of part time work are counterproductive. When a lone parent starts work, there are many changes to daily life. and the lives of their families and other family members may have to be more involved in child care. All of this including the social, work, carer and school settings are key elements to work sustainability this has not yet been systematically explored in research (Millar and Ridge, 2009). The Freud Review (2007) fails to answer difficult questions of how putting pressure on the most vulnerable will help the government to meet their child poverty targets and enable the best start for all children.Single parents want to work, for various reasons increased income and financial independence are key motivators along with personal independence, the opportunity for social interaction with other adults, and to set a good example to their children. According to Ahrends, (2010) 42% of single parents say that having almost any job is better than being unemployed on benefits. Throughout Britain, a hi gh proportion of single parent families are already in situations of severe financial vulnerability. The cost of living in Britain is 13,400 (Bradshaw et al. 2008,p. 32). Figures produced for the DWP (See annex A) reveal that over 50% of people living in single parent families fall into the low-income bracket, which is defined as below 60% of the national median income after deducting housing costs (approximately 195 per week for a single parent with children). In contrast, less than 5% of two parent families fall into this category (DWP, 2010). Finch et al (2010) state single parent families will suffer disproportionately, not only under cuts to public services but also under tax increases and benefit changes. It is clear that single parent families, especially those headed by women, are at risk of becoming even more vulnerable to poverty.Jenkins, (2011) states that as most children living in severe poverty are in workless households, priority should be given to removing barriers t o employment for parents living in poverty. Key measures to combat child poverty include help with childcare costs for low income households and more support for parents who work in part-time jobs this could be done by raising the earned income level at which lone parents can claim full benefits, providing more training opportunities for parents who need and want to boost their skills and an increases in the minimum wage.The London School of Economics and Political Science state the Misery Index is a simple economic concept, which puts together the ills of inflation and unemployment together into a single amount of our financial despondency (Rainford, 2011). February 2011 saw it hit the highest level since October 1992. The Fawcett Society, a charity that campaigns for equality between women and men, points out, unemployment among women is already at its highest for the last twenty years. Women are the biggest losers under the public sector cuts. Women are also most likely to be aff ected by the governments plans to review regulations that burden business. The Fawcett Society (2011) state that the budget was a good opportunity missed, to present a credible growth plan and had some consideration of how to enable women to take up new jobs in the private sector. These measures were put in place to tackle the private sector pay gap and promote family-friendly jobs, which reflect the needs of a modern workforce.Lone parents are facing a changing environment of social protection because of decline in services and monies available because of the central government cuts. With the Coalition Government there has been a shift away from supporting lone parents being full time carers at home to an employment-based maternal model. There is a rhetoric focus and direction towards supporting employment and now the move to compulsory work-related requirements. Lone parents with children five years or over are treated the same as any other unemployed claimant (Woods, 2011). Lone parents are not now seen as having fondness obligations but as a wider part of a hidden unemployed. DWP (2008) state the governments strategy is to increase employment and decrease poverty among lone parents but there are many obstacles still to be overcome. Gloster, et al. (2010) state that some of this is the incompatibility between low paid, part-time atypical jobs and the primary caring responsibilities of lone parents there is also no systematic provision for special paid or unpaid leave, good quality affordable childcare is difficult to find and there are few training programmes that fit into the lives of lone parents. Without the security of a second wage, child tax credits are paid regardless of the work status and the working tax credit is specifically intended as a supplement for low wages all fall in to this incompatibility. Family-friendly employment with a work/life balance are not now part of the governments policies and without action from both the Government and em ployers, many single parents will remain in the poverty trap. (Woods, 2011)(Word Count 2730)

Descriptive Essay - A Mountain Resort :: Descriptive Essay, Descriptive Writing

Mountain ResortFor those who like winter sports like going and snowboarding, we have beneficial the perfect place- the remote yet very popular mountain resort called Balea Lake.It is situated at an altitude of 2,034m, being the highest mountain resort of Romania. The cliffs are cover with snow from November till late July, some ms still persisting till the new one arrives. First, you have to reach Balea Waterfall, and only afterwards try to originate to the lake. Late spring is the best time to come- you take the main road and youre disappointed cause you see no sign of snow and you trust you have come such a long way for nothing. exactly you keep driving, hoping to find that wonderful place where you can ski or snowboard in T-shirt only, without worrying youll catch another cold and hoping to meet some of the friends you havent seen for the past month or more. The road makes a bounteous turn and suddenly you see what youve been waiting for the big mountains are still covered w ith snow. So everyone is happy and anxious to finally arrive up there. The firmament is fantastic for the best skiers and boarders and it offers excellent routes for freeride. The resort has only two chalets, each one situated on one side of the lake.There are some(prenominal) tow-days contests taking place here. The participants are from many different countries and they come here to have fun and do what they like and know best extreme ski and snowboard. Snowboard is relatively a new extreme sport in Romania, but there already are many kids who practice it. Parties where everyone is having a good time and creating a friendly atmosphere, one would say specific to this place follow the contests. The party lasts till late in the night, when a peaceful silence covers the mountains. But the calm doesnt last too long. Tired, but woken by the lukewarm rays of sun, the riders begin the new day with some tricks and jumps on the quarterpipe

Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown †Point of View Essay -- Young Goodma

In Nathaniel Hawthornes early days Goodman Brown how does the author present the characters, dialogue, actions, setting and events which comprise the taradiddle in this short story? This essay will answer these questions. R. W. B. Lewis in The Return into Time Hawthorne states that there is always more to the world in which Hawthornes characters move than any one of them can see at a glance (77). In Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown this fact is especially unfeigned since the main character, Goodman Brown, is a nave hero and since the narrator tells much of the story through the limited point of view of the protagonist. In this story the author uses a third-person narrator, who uses proper names and third-person pronouns to designate the various characteris in the tale YOUNG GOODMAN BROWN came forth at sunset, into the street of Salem village, but put his manoeuvre back, after crossing the threshold, to exchange a parting kiss with his young wife. And Faith, as the wife was aptl y named, thrust her own pretty head into the street, let the wind play with the pink ribbons of her cap, while she called to Goodman Brown. The narrator possesses the capability of reading the thoughts and feelings of the protagonist, the young Puritan husband, Goodman Brown, only, from among all the characters. As Brown turns the corner at the showdown house, he thinks Poor little Faith thought he, for his heart smote him. What a wretch am I, to leave her on such an errand She talks of dreams, too. Methought, as she spoke, there was trouble in her face, as if a dream had warned her what work is to be done tonight. But, no, no twould kill her to think it. Well shes a blessed holy person on earth and after this one night, Il... ...agonist as the character through whom the perceptions of the site are arriving to the reader. This inconsistency of viewpoint within given paragraphs may be a source for ambiguity within the tale. In conclusion, we have seen how in Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown the author presents the characters, dialogue, actions, setting and events which comprise the narrative in this short story, and what may be a source of ambiguity in the tale. WORKS CITED Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms, 7th ed. New York Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1999. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Young Goodman Brown. 1835. http//www.cwrl.utexas.edu/daniel/amlit/goodman/goodmantext.html Lewis, R. W. B. The Return into Time Hawthorne. In Hawthorne A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966.