5 More Dangling Modifiers

5 More Dangling Modifiers 5 More Dangling Modifiers 5 More Dangling Modifiers By Mark Nichol Judging from the relative ease with which I accumulate real-world examples of dangling modifiers introductory phrases that provide additional information but do not integrate grammatically with the sentence’s subject I conclude that this error is among the most common of grammatical sentence-construction flubs. Here are five more examples from my overstuffed vault. 1. â€Å"A culmination of eighteen years of work, Jones admits he realized he was ‘basically making the same movie over and over again.’† The writer has hidden the key component of this sentence a reference to a film Jones directed after the revelation that his previous work had been repetitive. Any effective revision of this sentence must explicitly refer to the latest project, but the sentence should also begin by identifying the filmmaker and then parenthetically referring to the newest film: â€Å"Jones, whose film is a culmination of eighteen years of work, admits he realized he was ‘basically making the same movie over and over again.’† 2. â€Å"Delivered in Smith’s soft-spoken, nurturing manner, students can paint along with the master.† As in the previous example, this sentence only implies the context this is a description of an audio recording of an artist teaching people how to paint. For the sentence to make sense, the educational materials must be explicitly mentioned: â€Å"Using these lessons, delivered in Smith’s soft-spoken, nurturing manner, students can paint along with the master.† 3. â€Å"Tall, still lean, and still performing at eighty-three, Taylor’s legacy has not diminished with time.† Taylor, rather than his legacy, is described in the introductory phrase, so the two ideas must be separated, and Taylor must be associated with the descriptions, while the reference to the legacy can be appended at the end: â€Å"Tall and still lean, Taylor is still performing at eighty-three, and his legacy has not diminished with time.† 4. â€Å"For Lukas’s mom, playing in the school band has given her son a chance to stretch himself and see what he is capable of accomplishing.† This sentence reads as if Lukas’s mother is playing in the school band and implies that her participation has had the stated effects on her son. But he, not his mother, is in the school band, and her role in the sentence is merely to provide the information. This sentence can easily convey the writer’s intent with a straightforward attribution: â€Å"Lukas’s mom says her son’s participation in the school band has given him a chance to stretch himself and see what he is capable of accomplishing.† 5. â€Å"A brutal dictator, his regime was unchallenged until the uprising that began in February.† According to this sentence, someone’s regime was a brutal dictator. The revision should simply identify the regime as â€Å"belonging† to the tyrant: â€Å"The brutal dictator’s regime was unchallenged until the uprising that began in February.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Meaning of "To a T"60 Synonyms for â€Å"Trip†Threw and Through

Print Any Type of Document Using Delphi

Print Any Type of Document Using Delphi If your Delphi application needs to operate on various types of files, one of the tasks you might have for your application is to allow the user of the application to print a file, whatever the file type is. Most document-oriented applications, like MS Word, MS Excel or Adobe can easily print documents created in that program. For example, Microsoft Word saves the text you write in documents with DOC extension. Since Word determines what is the raw contents of a .DOC file it knows how to print .DOC files. The same applies for any known file type holding some printable information. What if you need to print various types of documents/files from your application? Can you know how to send the file to the printer in order for it to be printed correctly? Print From Delphi We can ask Windows what application can print, for example, a PDF file. Or, even better, we can tell Windows, heres one PDF file, send it to the application associated / in charge of printing PDF files. To do this, open up Windows Explorer, navigate to a directory containing some printable files. For most of the file types on your system, when you right-click a file in Windows Explorer, you will locate the Print command. Executing the Print shell command will result in the file being sent to the default printer. Well, thats exactly what we want: for a file type, call a method that will send the file to the associated application for printing. The function we are after is the ShellExecute API function. ShellExecute: Print / PrintTo However, ShellExecute can do much more. ShellExecute can be used to launch an application, open Windows Explorer, initiate a search beginning in the specified directory, and- whats of greatest interest to us- print the specified file. Specify Printer Using the above call, a document document.doc located on the root of the C drive will be sent to the Windows default printer. ShellExecute always uses the default printer for the print action. What if you need to print to a different printer, what if you want to allow the user to change the printer? The PrintTo Shell Command Before you copy and paste: the Printer global variable (TPrinter type) available in all Delphi programs can be used to manage any printing performed by an application. The printer is defined in the printers unit, ShellExecute is defined in the shellapi unit. Drop a TComboBox on a form. Name it cboPrinter. Set Style to csDropDownLidtPut the next two lines in the forms OnCreate even handler: //have available printers in the combo boxcboPrinter.Items.Assign(printer.Printers);//pre-select the default / active printercboPrinter.ItemIndex : printer.PrinterIndex; use to print any document type to a specified printer Note: some document types do not have an application associated with printing. Some do not have the printto action specified.

The Purpose of the Financial Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 21

The Purpose of the Financial Policy - Essay Example Coming to the month of May, the expenses go much down, making the net income to increase, hence an increase in the profit. This shows that the month was not much over-budgeted. On the month of June, the net expenses and deductions increase again drastically. This reduces the net income, in the same way, hence making the net profit be reduced. Even though the company does not realize a loss this month, the profit it gets is so much reduced when compared to the previous month.  Financial policy is criteria or procedure that describes a company’s choices as far as debt/ equity mix, currencies of denomination, maturity structure, the method of financing investment projects, and hedging decisions with a goal of maximizing the value of the firm to a particular group of stockholders.  The purpose of the financial policy is to minimize cost over a long period of time, providing citizens, investors and business owners with confidence when they know that there are strong, and consis tent financial policies in place to guide their businesses.  The benefits of a financial policy include the fact that the stakeholders are guided by certain rules and regulations, hence the gain of confidence in the business over a long period of time. It also enables people to receive payment at the time of service. The financial policy allows one to gain control over a financial system, this enables one to offer financial services to patients while minimizing possible confusions.

Benefits and Difficulties of Including Children with Special Needs in Essay

Benefits and Difficulties of Including Children with Special Needs in Mainstream School - Essay Example MacKay (2002) notes that children with special needs are those who have conditions such as blindness, deafness, multiple impairments, physical impairments, behavior problems and learning difficulties among others. According to Etienne and Gendron (2008), inclusive education is a process that seeks to increase the participation of all students in schools, including students who have disabilities. It entails structuring policies, practices and cultures in schools so that they can respond to the diversity of their students. In the UK, Inclusive education acknowledges that all children need to be in schools and learn. The difference in children are also acknowledged and respected in inclusive education. The structures, methodologies and systems of education are enabled to meet the needs of all children, including those with disabilities (Glashan 2002). According to the Warnock report (1978), special education is considered a separate system of education whereby disabled children are educ ated in special schools. These schools are organized and equipped to meet their special educational needs. They operate on the basis that mainstream schools do not have the ability to address the needs of children who have special needs. Special education is usually provided in special schools that are equipped for catering to the needs of children with special needs (Leathwood, Ross, Moreau, Rollock & Williams 2008). According to the International for Policy Studies in Education (2008), education in the United Kingdom plays a very crucial role in maintenance and construction of equalities and social advantages. The Warnock report notes that education in the UK is currently compulsory for all children aged 5 to 16.... This essay declares that the perceptions of children with disabilities in the United Kingdom have had a shift in paradigm from the common medical model to social model then to the participative model. People with disabilities were for a long time viewed as patients with serious physical problems that are caused by diseases, accidents or other health conditions. This has changed to a more holistic approach in which they are considered as citizens with rights to self-determination and individual support. Many international conventions like the UN Convention on the rights of people with disabilities have been responsible for marking these paradigm shifts. This paper makes a conclusion that a lot of the policies regarding the inclusion of children with special needs in UK mainstream primary schools are derived from the Warnock report. The report suggests that at any given time, at least 2% of the population in a school would be considered disabled and in need of specialist and specific provision. This level of specific specialty provision is normally provided within mainstream schools. The same report also noted that 10% of the population of children in schools requires specialist provision at some given point during their education. These two provisions have seen a lot of changes take place in the laws of UK with the aim of eliminating discrimination against children with special needs.

Critique of Capitalist Economy Essay Example for Free

Critique of Capitalist Economy Essay Introduction Karl Marx and Freidrich Engels were great supporters of communism and were opposed to the capitalism way of economic system because they believed that it was a way of exploiting the poor and benefiting the rich in the society[1]. They did a lot of work as philosophers in addressing religious, political and economic issues. Karl Mark and Engels were supporters of communism and criticized the capitalism economy which was being advocated for by the developed countries. Thesis; communist economy is better than the capitalist economy. There has always been a conflict between the counties in the west and the Eurasia on the way economic policies should be set with countries like the US supporting capitalism while the countries that were formally soviet union oppose it and want continue with the communism way.   To critically assess the reasons why communism is better than capitalism, the following is the analysis of negative impact of capitalism and the advantages of the communist economy according to Karl Marx and Engels. The most notable writing is the communist manifesto. Communist Manifesto In 1848, Karl Marx and Freidrich Engels came together to write the   communist manifesto which was a proclamation of the unavoidable failure of the capitalist economy and wake up call to the workers all over the world[2]. The manifesto was commissioned by the communist league in England. Capitalism described as the economic scheme where there is free market of capital i.e. facilities and money, the natural resources and labor (production)[3]. This kind of system allows individual entities like people and companies to the business owners and not the central government. They run the production lines, make much profit as possible since they are also the decision makers of the issues that are affecting the production of goods and services plus the sale of the same[4]. Communism on the other hand is described as an economic system which allows the distribution of the countries resources with the intent of creating a non stratified society. In this type of economy, the government owns the production means and there are no private entities that own the same business or industry. Communism is intimately associated with a German philosophy, Karl Marx because he was an activists and an economist and wrote so much literature about communism and criticizing the capitalism. In his works, he put forward postulations that capitalism would be overthrown and ultimately replaced by communism. Since the individual ownership of the means of production would lead to exploitation, Karl Marx advocated for communism arguing that though the communism may vary from country to country, the following beneficial characteristics would still remain[5]; the planning, production and other operations in agriculture and industry are centrally organized, the system does not put up with opposition from other viewpoints and that only one political party runs the government. Communism developed as reaction of employees to the unacceptable working conditions during the emergence and the increased industrial revolution according to Marx and Engels. In Marx’s view, capitalist should[6] give a chance to socialism a chance to excel because capitalism was deemed to fail the economy because it would create two rivalry classes in the society of the â€Å"haves† and â€Å"have not† hence a new economic system would emerge and replace the capitalism[7]. Though not popular in the 19th century, the communist manifesto became widely used and read document as people sought to actually establish the most efficient economic system during the era of industrial revolution.   As discussed by Marx and Engels, the communism economy would come as a scientifically proofed issue and according to the historic changes of phenomena as continuous processes. Feudalism grew and as expected it had to transform giving rise to mercantilism which also naturally translated to capitalism, from this reasoning, Karl Marx expected that the supporters of the capitalist economy would accept change as it was inevitably going to take place with capitalism transforming to socialism (communism). Economy under Capitalism In the manifesto of communism, Marx and Engels argue that employment would be greatly affected by the owners of the means of production. It also addresses the idea of ownership of private property and idea of communism. The employees are depicted to be suffering from alienated labor; the alienation of labor is categorized in to four groups[8]; first, as soon as the product is made it is immediately taken away from the creator; second, the workers are exploited in the production line (too much work un-proportional to the pay), third, the human beings are meant to work and increase productivity blindly and not in agreement with the normal human nature (from species being), finally, mutual satisfaction of the human needs is replaced by the benefit resulting from the exchange of the products (from other beings). Marx analyses the Hegelian deduction of types of economies to explain how all the categories (salaries, rent, profits etc) were all alienated as a consequence of alienation of the human nature in the capitalist economy. This is because the structure of the economic system ultimately ends up dictating the way people come to live their lives in future, their behavior and determines the possible actions to be taken to stay on top. For instance, in the event that a capitalist economist intention is to remain in the industry (business venture) then he has to exploit the employees to the legal limit. The capitalist will definitely end up being a ruthless exploiter despite being wracked by guilt or not because of the need to stay in control of the economy and apparently everything.   On the same note, employees are forced to take on the work offer as there are no sensible alternatives. Marx and Engels insist that it is for this reason that people have to rise above such oppression and take the bull by its horns so as to have a collective control of their way of life in terms of economy and societal development. Commodity production is another aspect that is addressed by Marx as being used for exploitation. Commodity in the economy and business definitions is the product produced with an intention of exchange for legal tender or money in the market, as there exists a market, the product can be exchanged and that there is division of labor where a variety of products are produced, otherwise there would be no incentive for the exchange. With this kind of reasoning then, a commodity is described in terms of use and value. The use is easily understood, but the value becomes a complex issue to deal with and the relative value for the exchange has to be elaborated. For instance why does some amount of a product exchange for a different amount of another product? The elaboration has to cover the labor input during production of the product or rather the socially obligatory effort put in at average level of intensity to yield the commodity[9]. This is where the labor theory understanding and interpretation plays a big role, and it states that the quantity of socially essential work time needed to produce the commodity should be the determinant of its worth. In Marx view, this argument has two stages and the first is, to say if two items are compared by equations with an equal sign, there should be a third item of identical amount in both to which they are reducible and which is common, the second stage is to look for the suitable ‘third element’ and in this case labor is the only reasonable element[10]. Labor force is therefore likely to be exploited in order to increase the value of the commodity as the use remains constant. Capitalism is idiosyncratic; the capitalist economist does not only rely on the exchange of products as the source of profits but rather the progression of wealth, in the form of cash, with the intension of profit making by means of trading in the products and changing them into other products which can cost higher prices and generate more profits. According to Marx and Engels, no previous scholars have been able to clearly give an explanation of how capitalism as a whole would generate profits. There solution is that, the capitalists exploit the labor from employees, they buy employees labor effort for the day. The price (value) of the product is established by the same means that is, the socially essential labor force needed to make the product. In such an instance, the day’s labor effort is the worth of the products required to keep the employee alive for one day. Taking for example a situation where commodities take about five hours to create, the   first five hours of the day would be used up on creating value that is equal to the worth of the salaries the employees would be compensated, this is the necessary labor. Any other labor done above this is termed as surplus labor and it only benefits the capitalist economist to make surplus value for the profits. The analysis done by Marx reveal that labor called the variable capital and this because it is the only resource that can create more value than it is worth. Other items basically pass their value to the final processed product but cannot create any additional value and hence referred to as the constant capital. Profits generated by the capitalists are a result of employees working past the necessary labor to create value for the employer. This is the theory of profits as far as the surplus value of labor is concerned. The rate of profit making is bound to fall as the industry increases its mechanization under the capitalist economy, by the use of more constant capital and little variable. As it has already been established that labor is the only resource that can add value to a commodity, less advancement on labor as a result of less capital will translate to a fall in the profits. Marx emphasized on the shamed labor and value of commodity[11]. Labor Theory and Value The analysis of Marx and Engels basically emphasized on the reward of labor power and the other forces of production means, basically such resources as land and technology are necessary for production. The analysis of Marx differentiated the history of the means of production for instance the European nations developed from a feudal mode of producing products to capitalist economy. Marx believed that change would come at a fast rate because of the advance in technology. The understanding of the social relations of production to be involving groups of people who are classified based on the wealth they own or their income (social classes)[12]. Commodity fetishism is a description of what Engels termed as false consciousness and is intimately associated with the understanding of the ideology. The ideology was used to imply the ideas of the specific people (class) at a point in time in history[13]. Marx and Engels did not describe only the belief as half truth but as the most important political operation. This explains the way a class can control the production means in food and other manufactured goods, they contribute the ideas of production. People in capitalist are alienated from their own labor investment. The alienation of the labor power as expressed by the Marxist supporters indicates it as the major feature of capitalism resulting in commodity fetishism. Before the emergence of the capitalist economy in the European market, many people who operated their businesses as producers or merchants used to purchase goods and resell them to earn profits. The development of the capitalist economy came as a result of treating labor force as a commodity in itself; the peasants were allowed to exchange labor force with money from the rich people because they did not own any land which they could use to produce food from agriculture[14]. People were being paid according to the time they worked (they were selling labor and not commodity). Those who were in possession of land and the means of production were called bourgeois and they are the capitalists while the peasants who had to sell their labor power for survival were called proletarians[15]. The difference between the industrial capitalist and merchants is that the merchants purchase goods and resell them at some higher cost to earn profits depending on the changes of the laws of demand and supply in the market. The merchant practices arbitrage between markets while the industrialist capitalist exploit the labor market and the product under production[16]. For any profits to be created there has to be a surplus in labor market and value surplus. Capitalism on the other hand can be very productive and develop very fast because of the enticement to reinvest profits in the developing technology and capital facilities. It is also the most innovative economic system as it has always changed the means of production and caused notable improvements. With an attempt to cut down the labor cost, the capitalist economists are likely to invest more in the new technology and as a result considerably cut down the labor cost (less labor)[17]. Since Marx and Engels believed that the profits were from surplus labor, they also concluded that the profits would fall. Conclusion Marxism opposed capitalist and encouraged a move to communism (socialism) in which the economy distributes the resources equally to everybody in the community (nation). It does not promote private possession of assets and business.    References Antonio R.J Cohen. (2003). Marx and Modernity. Key Readings and Commentary. Blackwell Publishing Mark K. Engels F. (2007). Capital. A Critique of Political Economy Vol. 3 Part 1. The Process of Capitalist Production as a Whole. Cosimo Moore S.W. (1957). The Critique of Capitalist Democracy. An Introduction to the Theory of the State in Marx, Engels, and Lenin. Whitman Publishers. Preston P.W. (1982). Theories of Development. Taylor Francis Stalin J. Wells H.G (1937). Marxism vs. Liberalism. An interview. New Century Publishers. New York retrieved on 5th February 2009 from http://www.rationalrevolution.net/special/library/cc835_44.htm . [1] Antonio R.J Cohen. (2003). Marx and Modernity. Key Readings and Commentary. Blackwell Publishing [2] Mark K. Engels F. (2007). Capital. A Critique of Political Economy Vol. 3 Part 1. The Process of Capitalist Production as a Whole. Cosimo. [3] Mooore S.W. (1957). The Critique of Capitalist Democracy. An Introduction to the Theory of the State in Marx, Engels, and Lenin. Whitman Publishers. [4] Mark K. Engels F. (2007). n 2 [5] Stalin J. Wells H.G (1937). Marxism vs. Liberalism. An interview. New Century Publishers. New York retrieved on 5th February 2009 from [6] Stalin J. Wells H.G (1937) n 4 [7] Mark K. Engels F. (2007). n 2 [8] Mooore S.W. (1957). The Critique of Capitalist Democracy. An Introduction to the Theory of the State in Marx, Engels, and Lenin. Whitman Publishers. [9] Mark K. Engels F. (2007) n 2 [10] Antonio R.J Cohen. (2003). Marx and Modernity. Key Readings and Commentary. Blackwell Publishing [11] Mark K. Engels F. (2007) n 2 [12] Preston P.W. (1982). Theories of Development. Taylor Francis [13]Antonio R.J Cohen. (2003). Marx and Modernity. Key Readings and Commentary. Blackwell Publishing [14]Preston P.W. (1982). N 11 [15] Preston P.W. (1982). Theories of Development. Taylor Francis [16] Antonio R.J Cohen. (2003) n 6 [17] Mooore S.W. (1957). The Critique of Capitalist Democracy. An Introduction to the Theory of the State in Marx, Engels, and Lenin. Whitman Publishers.

Censorship, Free Thought, Free Speech :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

"Free speech is the whole thing, the whole ball game. Free speech is life itself." The basic rights guaranteed to Americans in the Bill of Rights is what holds the United States together. When Salman Rushdie wrote Guardian, he knew this. Unfortunately, the majority of congress and the President himself have forgotten the basic rights of Americans. When President William J. Clinton signed the Communications Decency Act that was proposed but the 104th Congress, he severely limited the rights of Americans on the Internet. The internet, just like books, magazines, artwork, and newspapers, should not be censored. "We are willing enough to praise freedom when she is safely tucked away in the past and cannot be a nuisance. In the present, amidst dangers whose outcome we cannot foresee, we get nervous about her, and admit censorship." Even thought E. M. Forster lived over one hundred years before the Communications Decency Act was even proposed, he knew of the reason for its acceptance - fear. The Congress was afraid of the potential problems that could be caused by allowing Americans a new medium where animosity could be freely given. Rather than allowing this, lawmakers introduced a law that would handicap the freedom of speech. An internet provider could be punished for, in the words of the Communications Decency Act of 1996: any comment, request suggestion, proposal, image, or other communication that, in context, depicts or describes, in terms patently offensive as measured by contemporary community standards, sexual or excretory activities or organs, regardless of whether the user of such service placed the call or initiated the communication; or knowingly permits any telecommunications facility under such person's control to be used for an activity prohibited by paragraph (1) with the intent that it be used for such activity, shall be fined under title 18, United States Code, or imprisoned not more than two years, or both. There are several flaws in this section of the Communications Decency Act that are due to the wording of the section itself. The entire section "patently offensive as measured by contemporary community standards" is not defined enough to give a basis for people to be fined or imprisoned. What is offensive to the "contemporary community?

Ambiguous language Essay

Ambiguous language is often a cause for concern when employment contracts are involved, and this is clearly the situation outlined in â€Å"Case Study 9-1: Contract Interpretation. † 1. The most important point were I arbitrator, would be the intent of the Company regarding the involved provision. â€Å"The company stated that the double-time provision was added to the contract as a means of combating absenteeism during the week† (Carrell, M. , & Heavrin, C. J. D. , 2006, p. 445). Based on this statement, it is clear that the purpose of the provision focused on an employee’s being gone for the day, not late for the shift. (One must concede that the terms â€Å"tardy† and â€Å"absent† certainly have different meanings, and by the Company’s own admission, the involved provision focused on â€Å"absenteeism. †) Although failing to arrive on time is a form of absenteeism, it is a temporary, short-lived event, and in this case, was clearly unintentional and out of the employee’s control. Under the outlined circumstances, the grievant’s being 10 minutes late simply does not equate to his being absent. 2. Regardless of the arbitrator’s decision, no â€Å"effect† would be given to the bargain. The Case Study states, â€Å"there had been previous grievances on the same issue, but those arbitration awards were inconsistent† (p. 445). Therefore, a case-by-case analysis seems to be the rule. I do believe that denying the over-time would be dangerous to the long-term relations between the Company and the Union as it is obvious that the two sides clearly disagree on the meaning of this particular issue. Given the Union’s (i. e. the employee’s) position is that â€Å"reasonable tardiness† would be overlooked, a denial could result in walk-outs and/or strikes (p. 445). 3. Although the contract language is clear, an arbitrator should be involved because neither party agrees about the interpretation, the intent, or the common practice applied to the involved provision of the collective bargaining agreement. The Case Study states that â€Å"a meeting of the minds† was out of the question as the Union and the Company disagreed about what was contained in the collective bargaining agreement (p. 445). The difficulty seems to stem, in part, from â€Å"the parties [having] a different understanding during the negotiation process from the company’s current interpretation of the double-time section of the contract† (p. 445). The Union stated, â€Å"the company’s negotiator had agreed not to count reasonable tardiness against the double-time provision but had refused to change the language used in the contract† however, â€Å"the company’s negotiator [. . . ] stated that the very purpose of the double-time section was to allow for double-time pay only if there was no absenteeism in the previous week† (p. 445). The negotiator did recall a statement regarding â€Å"reasonable application,† but stated that it â€Å"was in response to a maintenance worker on the negotiating committee† and the negotiator recalled â€Å"in that situation, he would agree to apply a reasonable standard to maintenance workers for Sunday double-time following a tardiness on Saturday† due to the difference in weekend scheduling for the â€Å"25 maintenance workers† (p. 445). Neither version rings completely true: it seems unlikely that the Union would allow the Company to concede a point and then agree that no change be made to the language—a union simply has no reason to settle for a verbal agreement when a contract negotiation is underway. On the other hand, the negotiator recalls something along the lines of what the Union recalled being said, but the negotiator applies that statement to a special situation involving only the maintenance workers. Looking solely at this case, it is obvious that the employee neither intended nor could control the event that caused his tardiness. It might further be argued that arriving only 10 minutes late under the circumstances (i. e. being a passenger in a vehicle that sustained a flat tire), indicates a likelihood that had the flat not occurred, the grievant actually would have arrived to work early. Looking at this employee’s past record of tardiness (or lack thereof) might reveal the truth of his intentions that day. Given the facts presented and the difficulties raised, it is apparent that the contract language is ambiguous, and to avoid further/future confusion, frustration, and arbitration, an amendment and/or clarification to the contract language should be added during the next bargaining session, if not sooner. Reference Carrell, M. , & Heavrin, C. J. D. (2006). Case Study 9-1: Contract Interpretation. Labor relations an collective bargaining: Cases, practice, and law (8th ed. ). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. 445.

How Can We Help Promote tourism in Malaysia Essay

Malaysia has been visited by thousands of tourist from all over the world every year. But tourism in Malaysia can be further developed by promoting many aspects that the country has. Malaysia is a land that has been bestowed with greenery, mountains, beaches and rivers. Its natural landscape itself is a great attraction for foreigners. The sandy beaches in Penang Island, Port Dickson and Morib are holiday retreats for Westerners who are deprived of the sun and sea due to the cold weather in their countries. The wind whispering through the tall shady casuarinas and lapping sea waves are ideal places for visitors in search of peace and tranquility. There are natural places which have special attractions for the foreigners to look and enjoy. The Kuala Selangor fireflies is a must to visit. The fireflies in Kuala Selangor are the largest colony in the world. Visitors have to take a boat ride in late evenings to see the fireflies, which lit up the trees in the dark. The nocturnal tours in the boats would be a unique experience for any traveler. This unique attraction can be highlighted in the brochures and the websites in the Internet. World- class theme parks like the Sunway Lagoon and Mines Wonderland must be highlighted also. The Sunway Lagoon, which was once a tin mine, has been transformed into a recreational park. There are also five-star hotels in these places where visitors could enjoy their stay there. Kuala Lumpur the capital city is the ideal place to shop because it promises variety , value and convenience all in one place. Malaysian items like pewter and batik can be found at various places for different levels of budget. Names of places and malls so that the visitors have and idea where to go for shopping for certain items. All these aspects can be highlighted in the media especially in the Internet so that visitors can get the right information about Malaysia and would want to visit our country.

Security Council Reform essays

Security Council Reform essays UN Security Council is the organ with primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, the UN Security Council must work constantly to enhance its potential for the prevention and settlement of conflicts. The Councils current structure is 5 permanent members (China, France, Russia, UK, the U.S.) each with the right to veto, and 10 non-permanent members elected by the General Assembly for 2 year terms. Under the UN Charter, it is the only body that can take decisions binding on all UN members. The U.S. and other permanent members of the Council must ratify any changes to the UN Charter, including any changes to the Councils size or powers. The creation of a broader, more representative Security Council should be pursued on the basis of general consensus, and with a view to ensure maximum efficiency and effectiveness of Council operations. The problem arose with the veto and closed-door antics of the five permanent members are behind a lot of whats wrong in the dysfunctional UN these days. Narrow national objectives, not international good, are what drives decisions. And a power structure based on the world 55 years ago has no place at the UN today. The Reform would affect all the world and the permanent members are the ones with the major say in this matter, but none of them state an explicit position. However, it seems like there are two things that are clear. First, there are odds about how large the Security Council should be and second, uncertainty about what would be appropriate allocation of seats between the permanent and non-permanent category and between the industrialised and developing countries in a reformed Security Council. Countrys involvement with the issue Bangladeshs priorities will be guided by our prime preoccupation to see an effective and efficient United Nations. It is our conviction that in the pot-Cold War era, the UN should assume its rightfu...

Frankenstein Study Guide

Frankenstein Study Guide Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, is a classic horror novel and a prime example of the Gothic genre. Published in 1818, Frankenstein tells the story of an ambitious scientist and the monster he creates. The unnamed creature is a tragic figure who becomes violent and murderous after being rejected by society. Frankenstein remains potent for its commentary on the potential consequences of a singleminded search for enlightenment, as well as the importance of family and belonging.   Fast Facts: Frankenstein Author: Mary ShelleyPublisher: Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor JonesYear Published: 1818Genre: Gothic, horror, science fictionType of Work: NovelOriginal Language: EnglishThemes: Pursuit of knowledge, importance of family, nature and the sublimeCharacters: Victor Frankenstein, the creature, Elizabeth Lavenza, Henry Clerval, Captain Robert Walton, the De Lacey FamilyNotable Adaptions: Frankenstein (1931 Universal Studios film), Mary Shelleys Frankenstein (1994 film directed by Kenneth Branagh)Fun Fact: Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein because of a horror story competition between herself and the poets Lord Byron and Percy Shelley (her husband). Plot Summary Frankenstein tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a scientist whose main ambition is to uncover the source of life. He succeeds at creating life from death- a creature in the semblance of a man- but is horrified by the result. The creature is hideous and deformed. Frankenstein runs away, and when he returns, the creature has fled. Time passes, and Frankenstein learns that his brother, William, has been killed. He escapes to the wilderness to mourn, and the creature seeks him out to tell his story. The creature explains that after his creation, his appearance caused everyone he encountered to either hurt him or run away from him. Alone and desperate, he settled by the cottage of a family of impoverished peasants. He tried to befriend them, but they fled from his presence, and he killed William out of rage from neglect. He asks Frankenstein to create a female companion for him so that he may not be alone. Frankenstein agrees, but doesnt keep his promise, as he believes the experiment is immoral and disastrous experiment. Thus, the creature vows to ruin Frankenstein’s life and proceeds to kill all whom Frankenstein holds dear. The monster strangles Frankenstein’s wife Elizabeth on their wedding night. Frankenstein then resolves to destroy the creature once and for all. He follows him north, chasing him to the North Pole, where he crosses paths with Captain Walton and reveals his entire story. In the end, Frankenstein dies, and the creature vows to travel as far north as possible to end his own tragic life. Major Characters Victor Frankenstein is the protagonist of the novel. He is an ambitious scientist obsessed with the search for scientific truth. The consequences of his discovery leads to a life of ruin and loss. The creature is the unnamed monster Frankenstein creates. Despite his gentle and compassionate demeanor, he is rejected by society because of his grotesque appearance. He grows cold-hearted and violent as a result. Captain Robert Walton is the narrator who opens and closes the novel. A failed poet turned captain, he is on an expedition to the North Pole. He listens to Frankensteins tale and mirrors the reader as the receptor of the novels warnings. Elizabeth Lavenza is Frankensteins adopted cousin and eventual wife. She is an orphan, yet she finds love and acceptance easily because of her beauty and nobility- a direct contrast to the creatures failed attempts to find a sense of belonging. Henry Clerval is Frankensteins best friend and foil. He loves to study the humanities and is concerned with morality and chivalry. He is ultimately strangled to death by the monster. The De Lacey Family lives in a cottage close to the creature. They are peasants who have fallen on hard times, but the creature idolizes them and their gentle ways. The De Laceys serve as a prime example of familial support in the novel. Major Themes Pursuit of Knowledge. Shelley examines the anxieties surrounding technological and scientific advancement through the character of Victor Frankenstein. Frankensteins discovery and its disastrous consequences suggest that the singleminded pursuit of knowledge is a dangerous path. Importance of Family. The creature is shunned by everyone he encounters. Lacking familial acceptance and belonging, his relatively peaceful nature shifts to malice and hatred. In addition, the ambitious Frankenstein alienates himself from family and friends in order to focus on his work; later, several of his loved ones die at the hands of the creature, a direct result of Frankensteins ambition. By contrast, Shelleys depiction of the De Lacey family shows the reader the benefits of unconditional love. Nature and the Sublime. Shelley evokes images of natural landscapes in order to put human trials into perspective. In the novel, nature stands in opposition to humankinds struggles. Despite scientific breakthroughs, nature remains unknowable and all-powerful. Nature is the ultimate force that kills Frankenstein and the creature, and it is too dangerous a force for Captain Walton to conquer on his expedition. Literary Style Shelley wrote Frankenstein in the horror genre. The novel features Gothic imagery and is heavily informed by Romanticism. There are countless poetic passages on the power and beauty of natural landscapes, and the language often refers to questions of purpose, meaning, and truth. About the Author Born in 1797, Mary Shelley was the daughter of Mary Wollstonecraft. Shelley was 21 when Frankenstein was published. With Frankenstein, Shelley set the precedent for monster novels and created an early example of the science fiction genre that remains influential to this day.

Pro's and Con's of the Chain of Command Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pro's and Con's of the Chain of Command - Essay Example It is largely based on the organizational hierarchy and the size of the business. The aspect of ‘Chain of Command’ is termed to be essential for an organization due to the fact that it assists the employees to understand their roles and responsibilities in the organization. It also assists the top managerial team to supervise the organisational operations in a systematic and organized form (Schulman, M. & Kowadlo, B. F., â€Å"Working Smart†). On the contrary, due to the changing scenario of business in the modern era, various disadvantages and complexities are arising in maintaining a specified ‘chain of command’ within an organization. With this concern, the paper shall aim at identifying the various pros and cons of ‘chain of command’ in the managerial aspect. 2. Advantages of ‘Chain of Command’ In the managerial perspective, the aspect of ‘Chain of Command’ is termed to be one of the crucial factors of organi zational behavior. It not only determines the organizational hierarchy but also signifies the roles and responsibilities of every associate in a specified manner. On the whole, it assists the executors of a business to form a well-structured organizational chart, which considers three aspects, i.e. line of authority, line of responsibility and line of communications in the internal environment of the organization (Schulman, M. & Kowadlo, B. ... Hence, it assists the top level managers of the company to organize the company’s operations in a systematic manner (Schulman, M. & Kowadlo, B. F., â€Å"Working Smart†). 2.2. Lines of Responsibility The ‘Chain of Command’ also assists the organizational structure by defining the lines of responsibility. To be precise, the line of responsibility signifies the responsibilities of every participant according to their power of authority and position in the organizational hierarchy (Schulman, M. & Kowadlo, B. F., â€Å"Working Smart†). 2.3. Lines of Communication Apart from determining the lines of authority and responsibility, the ‘Chain of Command’ also specifies the lines of communication, i.e. the flow of information from the top level management to the lower level workers in the organizational hierarchy; and the flow of accountability from the lower level worker to the top level management group (Schulman, M. & Kowadlo, B. F., â€Å"Wo rking Smart†). 2.4. Other Advantages Other than these basic advantages, the implication of ‘Chain of Command’ also has many other pros to benefit the organization and its stakeholders at large. They are as follows: By providing a firm structure of the organizational hierarchy and demonstrating the various lines of authority, responsibility and communication, the ‘Chain of Command’ assists the organization to utilize its resources with minimized wastage It also assists the employees to enhance their managerial, leadership and generic skills Helps eradicating confusion uprising in terms of authority, responsibility and communication in the internal environment of the organization Source: (Mukherjee,

The Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster risk management plan Case Study

The Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster risk management plan - Case Study Example From the data provided, it appears that a risk management plan was in existence. Some of the management plans were applied whereas some of the plans were not applicable due to some reasons. One of the examples of a risk management plan was to design a space shuttle program that would utilize both the liquid and solid propellants. The liquid propellant system is more reliable as compared to the solid propellant system. The flow of the liquid propellant from the storage tanks to the engine can be throttled and shut down in case of emergency whereas a solid propellant cannot function in the same manner. One of the drawbacks associated with the liquid propellants was that they are comparatively expensive than the solid propellants and hence it was impossible for NASA to hire a system totally functional on liquid propellant. A combination of both was manufactured. In 1972, NASA chose Rocker for the building of the orbiter. According to many industry leaders, the Rocker package did not include an escape system. An escape system is very effective and necessary in case of emergencies. NASA officials ignored the escape system and hence the Space Shuttle Program became the first the first U.S. aircraft which did not include an escape system for the crew. According to Mr. Moore, (NASA's deputy administrator for space flight), weather plays an important role. According to him, the specifications on the wind velocity need to be checked in order to avoid exceeding of crosswinds. This is done so that the commanders can have a clear view of the runway and so forth. In order to avoid any accidents that may be related to weather, crosswinds limits are maintained. These issues clearly enhance the project management factor. Some of the risk management plans were implied whereas some of them could not be reinforced. 2. Would there had been a better way to handle risk management planning at NASA assuming sixteen flights per year, twenty live flights per year or as originally planned, sixty flights per year Why is the number of flights per year critical in designing a formalized risk management plan The planner that was originally planned comprised of sixteen flights per year. With the increase in flights, the paper work tended to increase. The requirement for paper work completion was that it was supposed to be submitted approximately one week before every flight. The increase in paper work meant that the accomplishment of goals was getting difficult. With the increase in paperwork, the formulation of a risk management plan was almost impossible because half of the time was consumed in the paperwork of the flights. The employees of NASA were working very hard to cope up with the paperwork which was increasing with the increase in the number of flights. Increase in paperwork meant that the personnel had to work overtime which included the weekends. According to an interoffice memo that was sent from Scot Stein to Bob Lund the paperwork was making it difficult for them to handle the problems and formulating a risk management plan because half the time was taken up by the paperwork. He said that it was necessary to make